1951年由美国、菲律宾于华盛顿签订的条约

1951年8月30日，美国与菲律宾在华盛顿签订《美菲共同防御条约》。

1952年8月27日，《美菲共同防御条约》正式生效，有效期无限。 ^[1]

2018年年12月28日，洛伦扎纳表示，已经指示国防部律师审查菲美两国签署的《共同防御条约》，如果“该条约与菲律宾的国家利益不再相关”，就有可能废除该条约。对此，美方当天紧急回应称，仍然相信美国与菲律宾之间的同盟关系。 ^[1]

2019年3月5日，菲律宾国防部长洛伦扎纳提议，菲美两国应重新审查双方68年前签订的美菲《共同防御条约》，原因是菲律宾不想在南海卷入战争。 ^[2]

2021年9月，菲律宾国防部长洛伦扎纳在华盛顿的美国战略与国际研究中心讲话时说道：“我们在马尼拉被问到的一些问题是，菲律宾还需要 MDT（《美菲共同防御条约》） 吗，我们应该修改它吗？很明显，我们需要对缔结的联盟进行全面审查。” ^[4] 。

美菲共同防御条约中文翻译

本条约之缔约各方——

确认各方对《联合国宪章》的目的和原则抱有信心；愿同所有人民和政府生活在和平之中；愿在太平洋区域加强和平体系的建构。

带着共同骄傲回顾了历史关系。在上一场战争中，这一关系曾带给两国人民共同的同情纽带，以及肩并肩的战斗反对侵略者的共同理念。

愿意公开并且正式宣布双方的团结感，以及保卫彼此反对外来武装攻击的共同决心；从而不让任何潜在的侵略者存有幻想地认为，双方中的任何一方在太平洋地区是孤独无援的。

愿意进一步加强双方在集体防卫方面的当前努力；目的是，在太平洋地区日趋复杂的区域性安全体系发展进程中，保卫和平和安全。

同意本项法律文件的内容不被以任何方式或感觉理解或解释为，变更或减弱菲律宾共和国与美利坚合众国之间现有的任何正式或非正式协议。

双方达成如下协议：

[第一条]双方承诺依据上述《联合国宪章》解决双方以无害于和平、安全、公正的方式可能和平卷入的国际争端，并使双方的国际关系免遭武力威胁或使用武力的、违背联合国宗旨的行为。

[第二条]为了更有效达成本条约的目标，双方将以自助和互助的方式，单独或联合地保持和发展双方各自或集体的抵御武装攻击的能力。

[第三条]双方将通过外交部长或其代表，不定期地共同磋商本条约的落实事宜，并且，可在任何时候——当某一方认为其领土完整、政治独立或某一方受到发生于太平洋的、来自双方以外的武装攻击威胁时——进行这种磋商。

[第四条]双方认为，任何一方在太平洋地区遭到的武装攻击，都可能危害本方的和平与安全，并可宣布依据本国宪法程序采取行动，应对共同的危险。

任何上述武装攻击以及由此引起的所有应对措施，应立即向报告。凡此措施的最终决定，有待安理会已采取了必要措施重建或保持国际和平与安全。

[第五条]就第四条之目的而言，对任何一方的武装攻击被认为是，攻击任何一方的宗主领土或领地、管辖岛屿的领土或领地，以及在太平洋的武装力量、公共性质的航海器或飞行器。

[第六条]本条约不影响也不应被解释为，以任何方式影响双方按照《联合国宪章》所具有的权利和责任，或者作为联合国成员维持国际和平与安全的责任。

[第七条]本条约须由美利坚合众国和菲律宾共和国遵循本国宪法程序予以批准，并将在马尼拉互换批准后随即生效。

[第八条]本条约将无限期保持有效。任何一方可在向另一方呈送知会的一年后终止本条约。

特命全权代表见证本条约业已签字

条约副本已在华盛顿完，1951年8月30日。 ^[3]

美菲共同防御条约英文原文

The Parties of this Treaty

Reaffirming their faith in the purposesand principles of the Charter of the United Nations and their desire to live inpeace with all peoples and all governments， and desiring to strengthen thefabric of peace in the Pacific area。

Recalling with mutual pride the historicrelationship which brought their two peoples together in a common bond ofsympathy and mutual ideals to fight side-by-side against imperialist aggressionduring the last war。

Desiring to declare publicly andformally their sense of unity and their common determination to defendthemselves against external armed attack， so that no potential aggressor couldbe under the illusion that either of them stands alone in the Pacific area。

Desiring further to strengthen theirpresent efforts for collective defense for the preservation of peace andsecurity pending the development of a more comprehensive system of regionalsecurity in the Pacific area。

Agreeing that nothing in this presentinstrument shall be considered or interpreted as in any way or sense alteringor diminishing any existing agreements or understandings between the Republicof the Philippines and the United States of America。

Have agreed as follows：

ARTICLEI。 The Parties undertake， as set forth inthe Charter of the United Nations， to settle any international disputes inwhich they may be involved by peaceful means in such a manner thatinternational peace and security and justice are not endangered and to refrainin their international relations from the threat or use of force in any mannerinconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations。

ARTICLEII。 In order more effectively to achievethe objective of this Treaty， the Parties separately and jointly by self-helpand mutual aid will maintain and develop their individual and collectivecapacity to resist armed attack。

ARTICLEIII。 The Parties， through their ForeignMinisters or their deputies， will consult together from time to time regardingthe implementation of this Treaty and whenever in the opinion of either of themthe territorial integrity， political independence or security of either of theParties is threatened by external armed attack in the Pacific。

ARTICLEIV。 Each Party recognizes that an armedattack in the Pacific Area on either of the Parties would be dangerous to itsown peace and safety and declares that it would act to meet the common dangersin accordance with its constitutional processes。

Any such armed attack and all measurestaken as a esult thereof shall be immediately reported to the Security Councilof the United Nations。 Such measures shall be terminated when the SecurityCouncil has taken the measures necessary to restore and maintain internationalpeace and security。

ARTICLEV。 For the purpose of Article IV， an armedattack on either of the Parties is deemed to include an armed attack on themetropolitan territory of either of the Parties， or on the island territoriesunder its jurisdiction in the Pacific or on its armed forces， public vessels oraircraft in the Pacific。

ARTICLEVI。 This Treaty does not affect and shallnot be interpreted as affecting in any way the rights and obligations of theParties under the Charter of the United Nations or the responsibility of theUnited Nations for the maintenance of international peace and security。

ARTICLEVII。 This Treaty shall be ratified by theUnited States of America and the Republic of the Philippines in accordance withtheir respective constitutional processes and will come into force wheninstruments of ratification thereof have been exchanged by them at Manila。

ARTICLEVIII。 This Treaty shall remain in forceindefinitely。 Either Party may terminate it one year after notice has beengiven to the other Party。

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersignedPlenipotentiaries have signed this Treaty。

DONE in duplicate at Washington thisthirtieth day of August 1951。 ^[3]

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