宾语从句总结及例题

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：引导词、语序和时态。

一、.引导词；

1．从句为陈述句，常选择引导词that，that引导宾语从句无意义，不充当句子成分常省略。例句：He told us （that） they would help us through the whole work.

2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择引导词if或whether，表示“是否”。在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。例句：I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.

3. 从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代词、副词作引导词。 例句：He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.

二、判断时态情况：

1.主句是一般现在时，从句可以为各种时态。 　　

2.主句是一般过去时，从句要用相应过去时态。

注意：从句描绘客观事实、真理、自然现象等，从句时态不受主句时态限制，仍用一般现在时。

例句：He answered that he was listening to me.

Father told me that practice makes perfect .

三、宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序

陈述句语序，就是主语在前，谓语动词在后。　　

错误: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. 　

正确: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.

注意：宾语从句的否定转移

主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致. 　例如;　I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.

常见考法

对于宾语从句的考查，多以单选的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下，常从引导词的选择、时态的一致性及从句的陈述语序方面考查。

典型例题：Please tell me ______ last year.

A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work

C .where your sister works D where your sister worked

解析：本题考查对宾语从句的掌握。宾语从句要用陈述语序，所以排除A和 B；last year 表示过去时 ，所以排除 C 。

答案：D

误区提醒

宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序 ，但要注意当疑问词为主语时，句式为：疑问词+谓语+其他 ，问句和陈述句语序一样。

典型例题：I didn't know ?

A. What wrong was with her B.what was wrong with her

C .what wrong is with her D.what is wrong with her

解析：主句是一般过去时，从句要用相应过去时态，所以排除C和D；在what was wrong with her中，what作主语，所以问句本身又是陈述句语序，不用变化。

答案： B